Introduction to Network Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Prologue to Network Management - Essay Example Building A fuses the regulatory staff, Building B consolidates Academic Staff and Building C fuses student’s organize Building ‘A’ houses organization staff. Among their obligations is the arrangement for putting away and refreshing understudy data -, for example, individual subtleties and course-related subtleties. They are presently taking a shot at an antiquated 4Mbps Token ring system. They regularly whine about speed of the system. The Token Ring systems in each building are independent †for example staff in every one of the structures can't intercommunicate. There are roughly 15 individuals from administrator staff in each building. Each Admin PC has a 4Mbps NIC introduced. NIC â€Å"provides an equipment interface between a PC and a system. The term NIC most usually alludes to arrange connector equipment in the structure factor of an include card. These gadgets plug into the framework transport of the PC and incorporate jacks for arrange links. NICs are generally Ethernet connectors, however some NICs bolster interchange physical layer conventions like ATM† (Network i nterface card.2007). The understudy database is hung on a focal server and is gotten to by means of telnet, this is incredibly moderate and the product interface is dated. Staff has demonstrated that the technique for access and interface should be refreshed. The Academic Staff arrange is like the organization arrange in that it is again a symbolic ring system that isn't associated with the administrational arrange - or to staff systems of different structures. There are roughly 30 individuals from scholarly staff in each building. Every individual from the scholarly group has a 4Mbps Token Ring card introduced. Staff has no prerequisites to get to understudy data straightforwardly; this is regularly done by means of the organization staff. They do anyway need to send archives to administrator staff and furthermore expect access to normal regions of capacity with both administrator staff and understudies. Scholastic individuals from staff should have the option to distribute course documentation on the World

Chevron Oil Industry Analysis Free Essays

http://factsanddetails. com/world. php? itemid=1541catid=51subcatid=326 Chevron: Industry Analysis Threat of New Entrants The danger of new participants is very low because of a few variables. We will compose a custom article test on Chevron Oil Industry Analysis or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Initially, the oil business which comprises of thousands of oil and oil administration organizations all through the world is a very huge market. â€Å"According to the Department of Energy (DOE), Fossil energizes which incorporate coal, oil, and petroleum gas make up over 85% of the vitality devoured in the U. S. as of 2008† (investopia). The way that it is such a huge market, make it extremely serious for new participants. Additionally, the oil business is as of now in the develop stage, commanded by many significant players including Chevron that has been around for an extensive stretch of time with different areas around the world. This shows they have a built up notoriety that is difficult to rival. Likewise, there are a few boundaries to passage which make it a serious market. These difficulties incorporate high capital cost, economies of scale, dissemination channels, innovation, natural and administrative guideline just as significant levels of industry mastery. As per the Turnkey Analyst, â€Å"it is hard to assemble supportable upper hands in the vitality business where oil’s item nature hinders evaluating power inside the business. Market members are continually required to put away funding to keep up incomes and piece of the pie. † Therefore, these boundaries to passage make it difficult for new players to enter the market. http://turnkeyanalyst. com/2012/06/turnkey-examine note-chevron-organization nyse-cvx/Rivalry among Existing Firms The oil business is not quite the same as other because of the popularity for oil. In spite of being a national organization, Chevron has numerous contenders including provincial just as free organizations. Chevron is among the second biggest oil organizations on the planet. Its rivals are Exxon, Royal Dutch Shell and BP. (chevron). Since oil is a ware, the competition among existing firms is low. This is on the grounds that there isn't a very remarkable separation. Danger of Substitute Products The danger of substitute is low. Substitutes for the oil business would be elective vitality, for example, sun based force, wind force, hydroelectricity or maybe atomic vitality. Nonetheless, because of variables, for example, â€Å"government guidelines and ecological issues, atomic and hydroelectric vitality sources are not a danger inside the following. Further, photovoltaic sources are restricted by mechanical issues and geothermal sources are constrained by geographic availability† (Miller). These may be a potential danger later on because of developing advances and development that may prompt less utilization of oil-based fuel. A model would be half and half vehicles that will bring about less reliance on oil administrations. Be that as it may, this move in a progressively manageable gracefully bind is by all accounts in the long haul because of specific boundaries, for example, significant expenses, for example, interests in new offices. As indicated by Chevron, â€Å"fossil fills will keep on having an unmistakable job in the world’s economy for a considerable length of time to come in both transportation and power age. As indicated by the International Energy Agency, sustainable power source will represent under 20 percent of the vitality blend in 2035. † They accept that there will consistently be an interest for their items because of development of the worldwide economy and elective vitality sources don't appear to be a genuine danger. Another factor that shows that elective vitality is definitely not a genuine danger is the way that there isn't sufficient help from the legislature. â€Å"Even however governments all through the world are vowing to extend to environmentally friendly power vitality, they keep on giving unmistakably a greater number of endowments to petroleum derivative than inexhaustible †10 to multiple times increasingly, as indicated by ongoing reports† (Wood). http://www. chevron. com/records/pdf/ChevronApproachtoAssessingClimateRegulationImpacts. pdf http://www. renewableenergyworld. com/rea/news/article/2010/12/oil-and-renewables-cutting up-the-appropriation pie Bargaining Power of Suppliers Inside the worldwide business exist numerous organizations however is overwhelmed by a couple of significant players. Because of enormous capital interest in these organizations, they â€Å"Supplier power is high since OPEC controls 40% of world’s flexibly of oil and, in this manner, affects the cost of oil† (Miller). Inspite of its size and degree, the oil business is one of the most impressive on the planet. Huge organizations, for example, Chevron control every part of the gracefully chain, for example, creating, refining, and boring. Because of capital ventures, it take into account these oil organizations to obtain and possess each piece of their gracefully chain. The way that they are their own clients give them more force permitting them to be progressively proficient. With all the their capital resources, they can get the assets, for example, working their own macturing offices, dispersion channel giving them more control in this perspective. This shows they have a high dealing power. Their solitary provider would be the oil saves from oil creating nations. Bartering Power of Buyers The haggling intensity of purchasers (individual) is low since oil is a ware. Regardless of ascend in costs, individuals will keep on getting it so as to satisfy their necessities, for example, driving. With the absence of substitutes for oil, it gives little capacity to purchasers who depend intensely on this asset. The expense of changing to another vitality source is excessively high. Thusly, there is an appeal for oil which decides the market cost. Mechanical purchaser power is additionally low in light of the fact that their flexibly can be restricted by upstream providers. (Mill operator) To finish up, the general appeal of the oil business is high in light of the fact that there is low danger of new section just as purchaser force and danger of substitutes. Additionally, the way that provider power is high is an ideal since the couple of significant players in the business are the two providers and purchasers. The most effective method to refer to Chevron Oil Industry Analysis, Essay models

Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water †Plan Free Essays

I am arranging a trial to research how PH influences the capacity of crude meat to assimilate water. * Independent Variable The autonomous variable for this investigation is the PH of the arrangement the steak is marinated in. I will accomplish a scope of various PH esteems by utilizing cushions set at PH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. We will compose a custom paper test on Explore how PH influences the capacity of crude meat to assimilate water †Plan or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now I anticipate that there will be an ideal PH where the steak will assimilate the most water. The measure of water consumed by the crude meat will increment as you increment the PH up to the ideal and afterward decline the PH as the PH increments past the ideal. * Dependent Variable The reliant variable for this analysis is the measure of water consumed by the diced steak by procedure of assimilation. I will record this by recording the mass previously and the mass after marination. From these outcomes I can figure the rate change in mass so I can contrast the various outcomes and one another. I will ascertain the rate change by : Change x 100 Unique * Controlled Variables The primary control factors for this trial are : Every one of the 5 cushion arrangements ought to have a similar volume of 50ml and a similar focus. On the off chance that one container had more than another, at that point there would be more answer for follow up on the meat in this manner softening it more. This could modify the end rate change in mass. The mass of the diced steak before marination should be controlled. A bigger mass might ingest and store more water. I will attempt to get as comparative masses as conceivable to evade any distinctions in weight. Rather than figuring the distinction in mass, I will ascertain rate change in mass to represent any little contrasts in mass. Additionally a consistent surface zone of the diced steak is significant, in any case there would be a bigger region for the answer for follow up on causing progressively tenderisation hence changing the general outcomes. The temperature at which the meat is marinated at would need to stay consistent. At a higher temperature, atoms are moving quicker consequently assimilation is bound to happen. The investigation will be directed at room temperature, albeit a progressively logical technique would be the utilization of an hatchery. I will lead the test in a similar spot with the goal that each test is encountering a similar temperature changes. The time took into consideration marination, every steak ought to be in the cushion answer for 12 hours all getting a similar time allotment in any case a more extended time could give a chance to more water to be retained. Drying of the steak pieces, touch twice on each side. In the event that some are touched more than the other it would adjust the end rate change in mass. * Method ? Gap the diced steak into five similarly measured heaps. ? Utilizing electronic scales gauge each heap to make the majority as comparable as could reasonably be expected. Record the majority. ? Include 50ml of support arrangement PH1 to a measuring glass and rehash the procedure for the other cushion arrangements. ? Put one lot of diced steak into every measuring glass. ? Leave the 5 measuring utencils for 12hours permitting the crude meat to marinate. ? Expel the dices from the arrangement and pat dry before gauging. ? Record the mass of each heap and ascertain the rate change in mass by utilizing recipe : Change x 100 Unique ? Rehash the examination multiple times to guarantee an exact arrangement of results. ? Plot a chart of PH against rate change in mass. The most effective method to refer to Investigate how PH influences the capacity of crude meat to retain water †Plan, Papers

Astonishing Details Regarding Top Essay Writing Service Unveiled

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3-D Printing, Soligen and Other Companies - 5712 Words

Question 1: Select 2-3 companies profiled in the case and discuss the formulation of their respective strategies for commercializing the TDP Technology The three companies we would further discuss are the Soligen, Specific Surface Corporation (SSC) and Z Corp. Sloigen: Soligen Technology Inc. was founded by Yehoramo Uziel, it was incorporated in Delaware in October 1991, and commenced operations in April 1992. Soligen is a metal casting industry which produces fully functional 3-Dimensional cast metal components. Typically the lengths of time to make castings are approximately 6-12month. However with Soligen’s unique technology known as DSPC (Direct Shell Production Casting) the length of production is reduced to weeks or even†¦show more content†¦Specific Surface Corporation was then able to provide customers with filters that efficiently removed particulates from dirty hot flue gas streams hence providing customers with greater power generation efficiency. As Parrish and Jeffery brainstormed the problems on the already existing filter industry they arrived with two major issued that were going on in the industry. They were, one people no longer wanted to cool down gases at the source. The other issue was that people wanted more compact filters, they wanted them smaller. However to get smaller filters one would have to get a larger surface area. Parrish went ahead to contact companies such as ABB and Westinghouse which used a lot of filters and were facing the similar problems. Parrish offered Jeffery the opportunity to join him and they pursued the opportunity together and licensed the technology created by Emmanuel Sachs and they worked on creating the smaller filters with larger surface areas. In early 1993 Mike Cima a professor of material science at MIT introduced Parrish to the 3DP process. Cima showed Parrish how he used it to make ceramics, Parrish then inquired if anyone was using this technology to make filters and Cima’s response was â€Å"No, why don’t you do it†. This was a distinct advantage for Specific Surface Corporation as at the time there were no companies involved in theShow MoreRelatedMit Case Analysis Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesI. Current Situation: The development of the Three Dimensional Printing Process (3DP) at MIT by researchers – Emmanuel Sachs, John Haggerty, Michael Cima, and Paul Williams – that revolutionized various businesses with its technology. a. Mission – For MIT to advance knowledge and educate in science, technology, and other areas that will best serve the nation and the world. b. Goals – The development of 3DP for research and technology. c. Objectives – To make use of the new ideas, technologies

A Modest Proposal Summary - 1153 Words

1. The implied thesis of Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal is that 18th century Ireland would be in a better situation if the Irish society and monarchy actually treated problems such as overpopulation and poverty, While the overt thesis is that Irish people should consider eating their children and selling them to rich Englishmen to solve the issue of poverty and overpopulation in the country. They differ form one another as one focuses on eating children, while the other focuses on giving commentary through the essay itself. 2. The primary aim for the narrator is to suggest a reflection on how the Irish are treating the problems happening within their country through satirical writing. The narrator states that, â€Å"Infant’s flesh will be in†¦show more content†¦4. The â€Å"very knowing American† is added to further drive the point that this work is satirical. At the time this was written America was going through very difficult time while under British control, and talk of a revolution had started to begin. America in some aspects was in a similar position Ireland was at the time – so by saying â€Å"I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old the most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food.† (Swift) This boosts the satirical nature, as you should never take advice about getting out of a situation from someone still going through the same exact situation. 5. The appropriate response to this essay would be the reader reflecting on the point of the essay, but instead of reflection, it more than likely received massive disapproval. The ides themselves are not only morally and ethically wrong, but nonsensical. The concept of eating another human would destroy what separates us from wild animals. So, it would make sense that the Irish may have been mad. Due to theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of A Modest Proposal 1304 Words   |  6 Pageseconomical problems such as poverty and overpopulation. Throughout Swifts writing we are able to recognize many things such as his purpose for writing â€Å"A Modest Proposal† and how it’s achieved, the form of emotional and logical appeal he uses to draw in his readers, along with his strongest and weakest elements in his text. Although Swift proposes his modest idea of selling children into the meat market, that is not his real solution, it is simply an idea that he proposes to get his point across that ifRead MoreA Modest Proposal Summary1767 Words   |  8 Pages1.The implied thesis of Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal is that 18th century Ireland would be in a better situation if the Irish society and monarchy actually treated problems such as overpopulation and poverty, While the overt thesis is that Irish people should consider eating their children and selling them to rich Englishmen to solve the issue of poverty and overpopulation in the country. They differ from one another as one focuses on eating children, while the other focuses on giving commentary throughRead MoreSummary Of Gullivers Travels And A Modest Proposal1450 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Gullivers Travels and A Modest Proposal: Satire Authors often use satire to ridicule peoples behaviors or societys institutions, with hopes of bringing social change. One of the most influential satirical authors of all time is Jonathan Swift, who uses these techniques so effectively, that he has been called â€Å"the greatest satirist in the English Language† (Holt 620). Swift’s use of satire to address controversial concerns is one of the reasons this story is still relevant and analyzedRead MoreSummary Of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal918 Words   |  4 Pagesthese people was a man named Jonathan Swift. In his essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† Swift challenges the status quo of the time and place in which it was written by proposing that they eat the children of the poor, ending the hate between the Protestants and the Catholics, and suggesting that the landowners have mercy towards their tenants. In his essay, Swift first suggests that the population of Ireland eat the children of the poor. This proposal would shock anyone, but it was definitely something that wasRead MoreJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal949 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift takes place in Dublin Ireland in the 18th century. The narrator is a very ironic character. His â€Å"modest† proposal is anything but modest. This short story takes place during a famine. Since there was a famine, Swift proposes the idea that people sell their one year old children to the rich so they would not be a burden to their family. One important way in which the author engages the audience’s attention and tries to help his readers see deeper politicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal806 Words   |  4 Pages A Modest Proposal was written in Ireland in 1729 by Jonathan Swift. Swift wrote many satires in this time period, he was not popular due to these. This time period was known as â€Å"The Age of Reason.†(A Modest Proposal) During this time many of the people from Ireland were Roman Catholic. Jobs that were available to them were; agricultural laborers and tenant farmers. â€Å"Landlords or landowners were paid for the crops that were harvested on their land. Workers that harvested these crops were very poorRead MoreOutline: a Modest Proposal Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesOutline: A Modest Proposal I. Introduction A. Audience Participation 1. How many of you see poverty and hunger as a problem in the world? How many of you think that you cannot possibly help solve this problem? B. Introduce self and topic 1. According to an article written by Jason M. Breslow, as of 2011, children had the highest poverty level with over 16 million children living in poverty. That is just in the United States. Imagine the number of children living in poverty in the entire worldRead MoreMbg2251264 Words   |  6 PagesMGB225 Intercultural Communication amp; Negotiation Skills Assessment I: Research Report European Negotiations Southern Candles Tour De France Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction The prevalence of internationalisation and globalisation of businesses in the twenty-first century has reiterated the importance of effective cross-cultural communication to achieve any level of progress or success. Culture is defined by Geert Hofstede, as the collective programming ofRead MoreA Modest Proposal, to Save the Country’s Image: Examining the Oppression Toward the Irish Poor2071 Words   |  9 PagesA Modest Proposal, to save the country’s image: Examining the oppression toward the Irish poor A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public was published in 1729 by Jonathan Swift. It was published during an economic crisis and a period where the English developed a great dissatisfaction toward the Irish. The Irish were facing a devastating economic crisis during the 1700sRead MoreMarketing Plan For Sms789 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary We are well-known to be a result -focused company that undertook the toughest project in the area. We will be glad to work with you in supporting the development and launch of your new software. Our expertise in market growth will ensure that SMS make a successful and profitable entry in the data analysis industry. The consulting project aims: †¢ Examine the market with a survey to quantify the market potential, and identify important sellable features for SMS’s product †¢ Based

E Business Systems Business Promotion

Question: Discuss about theE Business Systemsfor Business Promotion. Answer: Introduction With the advent of technology, the word of mouth strategy of business promotion has been replaced by the aggressive policy of social media promotion. Nowadays, most of the business organizations set up their own website page, whereby they not only communicate with the customers, but keep them updated about the recent happening of the organization. Providing a variety of information, engaging the customers in an impressive way, through the smart presentation of the facts via an eye soothing website is all a company needs to prosper. Although most of the organizations have opened up a website of the own, very few of them are able to grab the attention of the visitors. Hence, the present task intends to consider the important restaurant organizations operating in the restaurant industry- KFC, McDonalds, Burger King and Aldeerah, and critically analyze the effectiveness of their websites in terms of the 7C Model. Analysis of the Websites in Terms of 7C Model The 7C model of website analysis consists of context, connection, content, community, customization, commerce and communication. The different aspects of the model are used to analyze the websites of the companies in the fast food restaurant sector among the world. It can be seen that an ideal website will contain all these aspects in a right proportion so that the user can experience satisfaction in using this website (Akincilar Dagdeviren, 2014). The context of the websites of four companies should portray the screen to face customer interface which can be categorized as functionality and aesthetics. The color scheme, aesthetics, section breakdown, functionality of the websites must be up to the mark. The content features about the appeal mix, multimedia mix, timeliness mix, product dominant, category killer, information, specialty store, service dominant, etc. The community can be defined as the cohesion, relationship, effectiveness, self-regulation, language, interaction tools, c ommunity classifications, etc. In terms of customization, it can be classified as tailoring, personalization, generic, etc (Gehrels, Wienen Mendes, 2016). The aspect of commerce includes the functional features of e-commerce. The types of connection used are outside links, popup windows, outsourced content, etc. The aspect of communication includes interactive, broadcast, hybrid, etc. Findings Introduction of the Industry The fast food restaurant is one of the growing industries in the world along with number of changes the companies are adopting in order to cope up with the change in food trends by the consumers of the world. The consumers have a different pattern of trend in different parts of the world. However, KFC, McDonalds and Burger King are considered as the most popular restaurants that have their presence across different parts of the world. Apart from that, it can be said that the restaurant chosen in the Middle East is Aldeerah that is based on Saudi Arabia (Burger King, 2017). The restaurant is known for providing Saudi Arabian cuisine to the customers. The uniqueness of the restaurant is to provide hospitality service to attract people from crafts and arts with its traditional approach to the customers. These websites are chosen because in the fast food industry these three companies are the most popular companies in the world in terms of market reputation, profitability, products and s ervice, website content, online and offline services. On the other hand, the restaurant selected in the Middle East is Aldeerah, is popularly known for serving Saudi Arabian cuisine to the customers of Saudi Arabia (Aldeerah, 2017). Identification of Content The content of the websites of KFC, Burger King, Mc Donalds and Aldeerah are compared to one another. It can be said that the website content of Aldeerah is not upgraded. The easiness of the availability of the content is more or less same in terms of the description of the products and services available in the company (KFC, 2017). Aldeerah has the website that defines the Saudi Arabian cuisine mainly. The different types of other facilities that the company is providing to the customers are not properly defined in it. By comparing the website content of these three fast food restaurants, it can be said that Aldeerah will not attract customers more like that of these three companies do across the world (Fernndez-Cavia et al., 2014). Navigation of Pages The navigation of pages of McDonalds and Burger King are more flexible than Aldeerah. As it is already mentioned earlier that the website contents are not properly arranged like that of the other contents of the different companies, hence the user will not find the aspect of navigation properly in Aldeerah whereas they will experience smoothly while viewing websites of McDonalds, Burger King and KFC (Maher et al., 2014). Use of Graphics and Animation It can be seen that the websites that use more graphics and animation more in order to educate the viewers are found to be more popular like that of the websites that are informative in terms of content but lacks in graphics and animations. As these companies belong to the fast food categories, hence graphics and animations of the food items are necessary. People who do not have the idea of the foods that the companies are selling will have the idea of the foods that will help them to go to the restaurant or order online from the website itself. Aldeerah do not have much graphics and animation of the foods (Sturiale Trovato, 2015). Linking Capabilities of Web The linking capability of Aldeerah is not so much improved when it is compared to the web pages of the other three restaurants of Mc Donalds, KFC and Burger King. The web pages of the three American fast food giants provide information that are linked with the pages of other aspects such as the pages of the menus and the special offers are linked with one another so that they can give a detailed information about the details of the every food menu (McDonald's, 2017). On the other hand, there are no web pages that are linked with each other and any types of special discounts and offers to the foods and beverages they provide to the Saudi Arabian consumers (Stern Zinkhan, 2015). Moreover, it can be said that the information in the web pages of Aldeerah are incomplete and will not attract consumers easily for increasing the sales of the company. Privacy Policy Privacy policy in terms of online ordering is an important aspect that the companies must provide in their websites for customer security and other security compliances. It can be said that the websites of Burger King, KFC, McDonalds, etc have separate web page for privacy policies that will help in customer security during ordering online. There is a separate page for FAQs that educate the customers regarding the security purpose of the online transaction of the customers while ordering foods from the websites (Wirtz et al., 2016). Aldeerah do not have this facility for its customers in Saudi Arabia. It has a page of contact us that provide the contact number and contact address of the restaurant. Recommendations It can be said that Aldeerah need much improvement in their website in order to improve the experience of the user who are viewing the website of the company as it is related to market reputation as well as increased profitability of the company. Following are the recommendations suggested to the company for its development of the user experience of the web viewers. It would add information about its recent activities It might add graphics and animations of the food items It would include promotional offers and discounts of the food The linkage of the pages might be improved The content will be improved so that it can attract customers Technology can be used to develop the website by animation and 3D systems (Alrousan Jones, 2016). Conclusion To conclude, it would be important to state that the layout, style , color or the content of a website largely determine the extent to which a website would be able to grab the attention of its clients. After analyzing the websites through the 7C model, it has been observed that Burger King has the best website among the four organizations. The layout is bright and clear, with a prominent picture of a dainty burger, boasting of its taste and quality alike. It is in itself a rich source of information offering the consumers knowledge about the recently launched offers, discounts and new food products available. The site also enables its customers gain access to the link from where the consumers can download the app of the website and thus it helps the consumers in a considerable way. On the other hand, the website of Aldeerah is not that impressive. Being a typical Saudi Arabian restaurant chain, the style and layout is being created in a rather magical, exotic and enchanted way that speaks of its orientalism. However, it has very limited options, and the visitor cannot easily navigate among the pages. The website is not regularly being maintained, and except the menu and the contact number, the consumers will not get any valuable information. The absence of background information or well-maintained photo gallery, and lack of appealing quality of a rather slow website, makes it the least impressive one. Reference List: Akincilar, A., Dagdeviren, M. (2014).A hybrid multi-criteria decision making model to evaluate hotel websites.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 263-271. Aldeerah. (2017).Saudi Restaurant - Middle Eastern - Food .Aldeerah.us. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://aldeerah.us/#/about-us/ Alrousan, M. K., Jones, E. (2016). A conceptual model of factors affecting e-commerce adoption by SME owner/managers in Jordan.International Journal of Business Information Systems,21(3), 269-308. Burger King. (2017).BURGER KING Get Fresh offers 2 for $5.BURGER KING. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.bk.com/offers Fernndez-Cavia, J., Rovira, C., Daz-Luque, P., Cavaller, V. (2014).Web Quality Index (WQI) for official tourist destination websites.Proposal for an assessment system.Tourism management perspectives,9, 5-13. Gehrels, S., Wienen, N., Mendes, J. (2016). Comparing hotels employer brand effectiveness through social media and websites.Research in Hospitality Management,6(2), 163-170. KFC. (2017).Delivery Offers | KFC.Online.kfc.co.in. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://online.kfc.co.in/offer/listing Maher, C. A., Lewis, L. K., Ferrar, K., Marshall, S., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Vandelanotte, C. (2014). Are health behavior change interventions that use online social networks effective? A systematic review.Journal of medical Internet research,16(2), e40. McDonald's. (2017).McDonalds Burgers: Whats New on our Menu.Mcdelivery.co.in. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.mcdelivery.co.in/Categories/What's-New Stern, B. B., Zinkhan, G. M. (2015). Netvertising Image Communication Model (NICM).Advertising, Promotion, and New Media, 30. Sturiale, L., Trovato, M. R. (2015). Cultural resources, local products and technological innovations: a possible web marketing model to support of the Val di Notos development.Aestimum, 279-292. Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., Gttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), 36-54.

Drugs and Music Revolution of 1960s Essay Example

Drugs and Music Revolution of 1960s Paper Essay on The 1960s Music and Drug Revolution The decade of the 1960s is most likely talked about because of the Vietnam War, but most over look what was going on in America. Back in the states the faces of angry anti- war activists were on every major street corner you looked, they protested for peace and to get their brothers out of the Jungles where the vicious war took place. The sixties were also the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement for Black Americans to receive racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency: with voting rights, and also freedom from white Americans. Lastly the four major political ssassinations of John F Kennedy, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr. , and Robert F. Kennedy all took place one after another in this decade leaving the Americans in heartbreak and turmoil. Politically leaving the United States at a standpoint on what the hell is there to do next. To get away from the mess, the most effective escape of the time was the music. It changed the depressing feeling to help make the people somewhat forget what harsh realities are happening around them and give them hope. With the music so empowering to some this brought to us what we now know as the Hippie Movement. (Yapp). Most were fed up with the United States leading to thousands of carefree people to hard drugs and rock and roll. During the hard ships in the sixties people used music to find the glass half full instead of half empty. All of the events of the sixties had an effect on the way the people dressed then and still to this day. Self-expression of the 1960s led men and women to grow their hair long and dress freely in bright colors and daring prints that were outrageous and had never been seen before. We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs and Music Revolution of 1960s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs and Music Revolution of 1960s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs and Music Revolution of 1960s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Events: The 1960s started out on a good foot with John F Kennedy, as President America as happy with the way politics were being handled. He was the second youngest president to ever be in office. John was elected in 1961 and was putting a pretty big hand print on the Americans with big events such as the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African- American Civil Rights Movement, and early stages of the Vietnam War. Until 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated him with a shot to the upper back and a final shot to the head. Pronouncing him dead 30 minutes alter. To this day Kennedy continues to rank ighly in public opinion ratings of U. S. presidents. Following Kennedys assassination were the deaths of civil rights leaders Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr. , and JFKs brother Robert F. Kennedy. All four of these deaths happening in such a short amount of time left Americans with really no guidance on what to do next and what was going to happen to them. Socially the United States was tired of being let down and many decided to go about their own ways of carefree living. Many were also in poverty so looking for a brighter side to life. The outcome of looking for a better life was to be a hippie. The ubculture started out with the youth and quickly rose and spread across country and even into some other countries. Hippies created their own communities, listened to psychedelic rock, embraced the sexual revolution and many used drugs such as Marijuana, LSD and mushrooms to explore an altered state ot consciousness. Something that cannot be ignored was the Vietnam War that mainly took place in the 1960s. The war had an estimated 47, 355 American casualties, with men and women losing lives left and right many were in a deep depression. The war went on from 1955 to 1975 with the United States getting highly involved in the 60s. The US got involved to help prevent communism in South Vietnam for containment; with overwhelming firepower, air support, airstrikes, search and destroy operations, and lots of heavy artillery. Although the war did not end until the 70s, the capture of Saigon by the Vietnam Peoples Army in 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. Descriptive: The different styles and trends of the sixties are extremely different with all the different social groups. Starting off with the early times of the sixties when John F. Kennedy was still the president and first lady Jacqueline Kennedy (Illustration 1) was the icon of elegance and poise. Her style consisted of pillbox hats, suits in pastel colors with big buttons and short Jackets. A casual day consisted of capris and versatile layers in bright colors these styles were increasingly popular. The sixties were also a time of the British Invasion in America. The ever so popular bad The Beatles had arrived in America at this time with their hit songs still listened to until this day. This sparked a style of what we call Mod. Mod short for Modernists; consisting of women copying mens style with fitted Levis Jeans and sneakers. Also wearing mens shirts, tailors suits, mini skirts, A-line skirts, and trousers. The Mod style icon was Twiggy (Illustration 2), a popular British model who broke the rules for women style and taking them out of the conservative long dress and long skirt confines of the previous 1950s. Finding your personal style and dressing how you felt was the biggest trend of all. The best known and most significant of all was the Hippie style catalyst. Giving the people of the sixties ultimate comfort and self-expression. This style consisted of oose- fitting clothes; most often tie dyed pieces and adding the perfect accent to top off an outfit with a flower. Flowers showing a sign for peace during the rough times of war going on back in Vietnam. Hip-hugger bell-bottom Jeans were incredibly popular for both men and women and following these Jeans were peasant shirts, skirts and halter-tops (Illustration 3). Another trend was women sewing patches of different cloth on to their clothes to either cover holes or simply for decoration. Lastly in the late sixties the anything goes look was the outcome after all the not so everlasting trends in the previous years. Of course more new trends did thrive such as closer to the body clothing with firmly belted waistlines on dresses, suits and blouses showing off the hips. The film, Bonnie and Clyde gave the inspiration for jumper dresses and suits. The film also gave off wide leg pants giving a more professional look; that carried on into the 1970s, compared to the very messy hippie look. The hippie look was actually inspired and really made in toa mess by the music of the 1960s. Music was being influenced by so many new trends that had never happened before, the new ways of politics, economics and carefree lifestyle.. Drugs elped ease the pain and became the most influential variables in the music of the s es The rock and roll and pop music all started out small and underground until it became mainstream. Soon to be known as the psychedelic era, this era introduced drugs to be an important aspect of music and a part of the typical day of a rock star. The listeners of the music also used drugs like acid and marijuana to enhance the overall experience of the sounds, movements and brightness of lights during the shows and music festivals. Bands such as The Byrds and The Grateful Dead used drugs like LSD, marijuana, and heroin (Illustration 4). They believed using drugs would make a difference of the previous music in the 1950s, and were very successful with blowing the 50s music away. The effect that the drugs had on the band was turning them into real musicians, ones that could capture the audiences attention in just a couple of strums ofa guitar. This new music started around the San Francisco area and spread across the nation. Young people greeted the new genre of music with open arms and drugs helped change the way to enjoy the new wave of music. It also became apparent that the British group The Beatles started to use LSD when ecording in the studio. The song Tomorrow Never Knows was a product of the famous group high on an acid trip. Toward the end of the sixties the iconic music festival called The Peace and Music Festival of Woodstock. The three-day festival was hugely successful and the first ever of its kind to occur (Illustration 5). More than two million people tried to get in, with borders and state lines closed due to the amount of people. The festival headlined different bands from across the world and was a place to demonstrate peace. Even though during most of the three-day event it oured rain it did not stop anyone from putting a damper on the mood. Putting a close to the sixties a few years later was the end of the Vietnam War however the end of war did not put an end to drug use. Many people had lost their lives in the psychedelic era either from a gunshot in the Far East of a prick of a heroin laced needle in the United States. These tragedies were captured in the music of the sixties and is remembered and reminded to the generations to come. Compare and Contrast: From the radical 1960s to the present time now there are so many things have changed and so many things have also stayed the same. Starting with the fashion of the 60s consisting of women wearing mens wear clothing as a huge trend that went on throughout the time and is still to this day. There is also the mid 60s, which was when the hippie look was widely popular, and the baggy look with long shirts and pajama looking pants with low hemlines. Today everything is a high hemline and form-fitting clothes from tight denim Jeans to crop top shirts for girls. Although the 60s did go through a phase of tight bell bottom pants made of polyester. Thankfully, those are not seen any more in present time. Another comparison is the Civil Rights Movement that happened in the sixties. Black Americans wanted the legal freedom from whites, voting rights, as well as inside schools, and over all racial dignity. Ever since this Conclusion: The 1960s was no doubt a revelation that changed America forever. With so many monumental experiences that will most likely never happen again. Fashion is of course torever changing but more so in the 1 Starting early on witn clean cut pastel suits to the late sixties tie dye shirts; skintight bell-bottom Jeans and long hair were the trend. All of the tragedies in the sixties it had a huge impact on music and hat the American people felt, what they were feeling was the way they dressed and showed self-expression through their clothes. Music was a huge part of peoples lives back then, that was the only thing that young adults had to look forward to and music is even more relatable today. Music speaks to people in ways that no one can describe, almost life changing to some. The artists and bands of the 60s talked about what was going on around them inside their song lyrics. Making it easily relatable to their fans and to the American people to make it seem like they were all in the mess together and never by themselves.

buy custom Oticon and Information Technology essay

buy custom Oticon and Information Technology essay Information technology is a significant facet in any organization, be it a multinational or a small business. It is also essential in society in general. Integrating information technology in any office set up means employment of computer software, hardware and processor-oriented information systems. Most of the modern organizations have incorporated information technology in their systems, for smooth running of the firms. Effective inclusion of information technology in the office, could lead to remarkable outcomes, though it could also have its demerits. The major limitation of information technology is seen to be the redundancy of managers and workers. There are however several organizations that have been effectively renovated with the incorporation of information technology, one such example being Oticon. Oticon and Information Technology For the main part, Oticon demonstrates a good paradigm of successful incorporation of computer-based technology in redesigning an organization positively. Oticon is an international producer of hearing aids with its headquarters based in Denmark. This company was on the verge of being rendered extinct, due to competition from an American company that was producing hearing aids that were preferable to the larger market. This was when the firm got a new chief executive officer, Lars Kolind, in 1988 who revamped Oticon. Bjorn-Andersen and Turner (1995) suggest that information technology was not the sole reason for the far-reaching changes that took place at Oticon, but it made the metamorphosis possible and pragmatic. Information technology was applied by Oticon to make the work environment more efficient and mobility of workers was increased. Information was also afforded to workers at more convenient places and time as compared to the inconveniences experienced with the office syste m. Role of Information Technology in Organizations Information technology in an organization takes on a facilitative position rather than the primary role. It enables a company to undertake restructuring of its management and day to day workings as Oticon did. This kind of technology is used in creation of new business ideas, inventing novel methods of working and solving organizational hitches. Computer software for example, is used to design an easier and more effective way of coordinating the affairs of the company. For instance there can be accounting software to help in book keeping and inventory management. The Point of Sale (POS) system, for example ensures that whenever an item is sold from the stock in a business then the reduction in stock is reflected in the system. Applying information technology in organizations is manifested through the use of e-mails to communicate in an office. More recently there has been an increase of businesses and even big organizations using social media sites, such as Facebook, to advertise and market their products. Organizations also design websites where potential investors and clients can access information on the firm. Power point presentations are also used in company meetings to make a task more effectual and easy to understand. Most organizations have also resolved to use digital versions of files instead of filing cabinets filling a whole room with documents and files. In this way a huge amount of historical data can be stored and easily retrieved. Organizations also use computers to store the database of their employees. This is also useful for potential employees who send their job applications through the internet. Organizations also use information technology to reach out to their customers and receive feedback on products as well as to improve on customer care. Research can also be done on the internet to ensure that an organization keeps up with modern products and market trends. The Case of Johnsonville Sausage LLC Johnsonville Sausage LLC is an American company based in Wisconsin which mainly deals with manufacturing of meat products. This is one of the big companies that has effectively used technological strategies to sway global markets and consumer tastes. In 2003, the company mapped out an information technology plan to set up an all inclusive SAP policy. This meant that the firm would advance its visibility and be able to exploit more sources of raw materials, end products and what the customers require most. Johnsonville Sausage LLC utilized the Cisco Aironet 350 Series and set up a wireless local area network to follow up on the movement of its manufactured goods (Cisco Systems Inc. 2001). The company has also used other Cisco products such as firewalls to protect confidential company information and money, as well as routers and hubs. Johnsonville Sausage has also made use of wireless machinery to connect computers which are on the floor to the network. This is in turn used to check on the inventory as it stands at that particular time. All these illustrations demonstrate that Johnsonville Sausage LLC has indeed transformed due to information technology advancements. I would like to work in such an environment as this would mean that work gets done faster as information is available and is conveniently retrieved. In such an environment there is advanced technology and safeguards and the business is expanding meaning there is job security and better salaries too. Conclusion This paper has illustrated that information technology if effectively utilized and integrated by an organization can lead to a remarkable transformation. It is important to note that the role of information systems and technology is merely enabling or facilitative. To obtain optimum organizational transformation, a firm still has to do much more, for instance building up the main competencies and careers of the organization. Buy custom Oticon and Information Technology essay

Are Kids overmedicated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Are Kids overmedicated - Essay Example In this paper I will be attempting shade more light on the whole topic of overmedication in kids by answering the questions. There is evidence pointing at the fact that pediatricians are prescribing over ten million antibiotics for unnecessary cases e.g. common flu, asthma and even in some cases headache. The Centers for Disease Control also report that over ten thousand kids are on psychostimulant drugs such as Ritalin. It was estimated that approximately 7.5% of children in the United States in the age ranges of six years to seventeen were using medicines for behavior and emotional problems as at 2011. The number of children on psychostimulants has been rising sharply in the past few years. What this means is that there are many children out here receiving either antibiotics, drugs for behavioral problems or many others in large numbers that can be avoided. It points to an interesting fact; either the psychiatrists or medical doctors are overwhelmed or too busy to take enough time and provide quality service. It could also mean that parents are very busy give their children healthy home environments. Also schools must take a portion of the blame for their busy schedules that limit recess time or completely do not have activities for children to relax. Pharmaceutical companies should be blamed largely for the overmedication being reported in kids due to their marketing campaigns which are mostly driven by profitmaking (Insel, 2014). The consequences of overmedication can be devastating considering the health of these kids who are still growing. Overt and under-treatment are some of the consequences. Due to carelessness or clinicians being to busy, the children are subjected to medication even when conditions can be manage by therapy for instance in the case of psychostimulants. Antibiotic over or misuse may arise especially in situations where diagnosis is very uncertain e.g. in infections of the ears.

Perception and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perception and Decision Making - Essay Example Perception is defined on the Wikipedia as follows: "In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information." (Wikipedia, 2006b). It goes further explaining how perceptions are formed, how they change, and how there can be no perception at all. Let's see: "Many cognitive psychologists hold that, as we move about in the world, we create a model of how the world works. That is, we sense the objective world, but our sensations map to percepts, and these percepts are provisional, in the same sense that scientific hypotheses are provisional (cf. in the scientific method). As we acquire new information, our percepts shift. () Just as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all: if the percept has no grounding in a person's experience, the person may literally not perceive it." (Wikipedia, 2006b). "Decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. Every decision-making produces a final choice. It can be an action or an opinion. It begins when we need to do something but we do not know what. Therefore decision-making is a reasoning process which can be rational or irrational, and can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions." (Wikipedia, 2006a). In the decision-making process many biases can get in the way. Among the reasons for this kind of drawback the Wikipedia enumerates the following reasons: "Selective search for evidence Premature termination of search for evidence Conservatism and inertia Experiential limitations Selective perception Wishful thinking or optimism Recency Repetition bias Anchoring and adjustment Group think - Peer pressure Source credibility bias Incremental decision making and escalating commitment Inconsistency Attribution asymmetry Role fulfillment Underestimating uncertainty and the illusion of control Faulty generalizations Ascription of causality". (Wikipedia, 2006a). On a closer analysis to all these causes that provoke error in the decision-making process it is easy to find "perception" at the core of all these evils. Most of the causes for faulty decisions in the business real of action happen due to misperceptions in one way or the other. The Wikipedia goes on explaining how the ethical principles of decision making vary widely. It lists the following principles and methods as the most common in any decision-making process: "the most powerful person/group decides (method: dictatorship or oligarchy) everyone participates in a certain class of meta-decisions (method: parliamentary democracy) everyone participates in every decision (direct democracy, consensus decision making)" (Wikipedia, 2006a). As "Groundwork for Making Effective Decisions" the Josephson Institute of Ethics states the following concepts, emphasizing our responsibility and accountability in any decision-making process: "Whether or not we realize it at the time, all our words, actions and attitudes reflect choices. A foundation to good decision-making is acceptance of two core principles: we all have the power to decide what we do and what we say, and we are morally responsible for the consequences

Ethical Principle Essay Example for Free

Ethical Principle Essay Ethical principles have a huge portion in the impact of intentional or assisted euthanasia. Beneficence according to Beauchamp states, â€Å"compassion; taking positive action to help others; desire to do good; are core principle of our patient advocacy† (Beauchamp,2009,p38). The value of beneficence simply states to do good to achieve the best possible outcome. For example, medical research is expanding and exploring numerous cures for diseases that are causing harm to people. Doctors that are approving euthanasia are because of empathy and kindness for the patient. The doctors and physicians are trying to do good for the patient by performing euthanasia because they know the prognoses is poor and the medical treatment won’t cure the disease. Utilitarianism theory can also be applied to the situation, â€Å"this theory supports what is best for most people. The value of the act is determined by its usefulness, with the main emphasis on the outcome or consequences†(American Nursing Association). In other words, the greatest value for all, is the selection that is morally accurate. For example, some patients support active euthanasia because it ends the suffering of the person. The choice to end life in return brings the great happiness for large amount of people. The autonomy theory states, â€Å"Agreements to respect right to self determine is a course of action and support of independent decision making†. (Beauchamp,2009 p.38). People should have their own choice to make decision for themselves when it involves their lifeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s. If the member is unable to make his or her needs known, an inform consent or power of attorney should be made before hand of the patient wishes. The ethical theory such as deontology mentions, people should abide to their task and obligations when review an ethical dilemma. Reference Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed., pp. 38-39). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. American Nurses Association. Retrieved from website: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/Resources/Ethics-Definitions.pdf

The Kate Moss Effect :: Beauty Media Modeling Self Esteem Essays

The Kate Moss Effect â€Å"Women, you know that crummy feeling you get after leafing through a fashion magazine chock full of models who, let’s face it, look way better than you? A new study, The Kate Moss Effect, suggests that it‘s not all in your head† (Jennifer Thomas, HealthScout). There have been so many times in my life, and I’m sure in other women’s lives as well, that I feel totally inadequate in comparison to, let’s say, a Victoria’s Secret Model. I just have one question: How is a woman ever supposed to feel good about herself when the only thing being consistently promoted is perfection? There have been many experiments done, in which doctors study the effects that the pressure to have a perfect body has on the average female. However, I am going to concentrate on the Kate Moss Effect for the simple reason, that of all the studies I looked at, The Kate Moss Effect seemed to be the most realistic, and straight forward. So let’s get back to that good old feeling of sifting through the many discouraging pages of a modern day fashion magazine. The Kate Moss Effect is a study based around the simple everyday activity of viewing a publication crammed with aptness. Basically, women were gathered to look at pages bubbling with models who were virtually flawless and their reactions to this exposure were then observed. To be exact, researchers divided 91 Caucasian women, ages 18 to 31into two groups. One group was shown advertisements for various everyday products such as nail polish, toothpaste, and gum. However, these ads featured rail thin females, the virtual living, breathing representation of faultlessness. The second group was shown ads for the same types of merchandise. Except the second group’s ads didn’t have people in them. â€Å"Researchers found that women who looked at advertisements featuring stereotypically thin and beautiful women showed more signs of depression and were more dissatisfied with their bodies after only one to three minutes of viewing the pictures. Depression levels registered a slight uptick, while self-esteem was unchanged† (Jennifer Thomas, Health Scout). Laurie Mintz, the lead author of the study and the associate professor of educational and counseling psychology at University of Missouri-Columbia said, â€Å"The women who registered the biggest drop in self image after viewing the

A Freshwater Aquatic and Terrestrial Food Web

————————————————- Food web From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A  freshwater  aquatic  and  terrestrial  food web. A  food web  (or  food cycle) depicts feeding connections (what eats what) in an  ecological communityand hence is also referred to as a  consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called  trophic levels: 1) the  autotrophs, and 2) the  heterotrophs. To  maintaintheir bodies, grow, develop, and to  reproduce, autotrophs produce  organic  matter from  inorganicsubstances, including both  minerals  and  gases  such as  carbon dioxide.These  chemical reactionsrequire  energy, which mainly comes from the  sun  and largely by  photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from  hydrothermal vents  and  hot springs. A gradient exists between troph ic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to  mixotrophs(such as  carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete  heterotrophs  that must feed to obtain organic matter.The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into  herbivory,  carnivory,  scavenging  andparasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as  sugars, provides energy.Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from  microscopic  to many  tonnes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ from  cyanobacteria  togiant redwoods, and from  viruses  and  bdellovibrio  to  blue whales. Charles Elton  pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book â€Å"Animal Ecology†; Elton's ‘food cycle' was replaced by ‘food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into  functional groups, which was the basis for  Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics.Lindeman emphasized the important role of  decomposer  organisms in a  trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of  Charles Darwin  and his terminology, including an â€Å"entangled bank†, â€Å"web of life†, â€Å"web of complex relations†, and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about â€Å"the continued movement of the particles of earth†. Even earlier, in 1768  John Bruckner  described nature as â€Å"one contin ued web of life†. ————————————————-Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into  trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in  quantitative  (or mathematical)  models  of trophic orconsumer-resource systems  dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the  topographic  structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in  meta analysis  are of variable quality with omissions.However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs usingnetwork theory  had identified patterns that are comm on to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of  species richness. Trophic levels Main article:  Trophic level A trophic pyramid (a) and a simplified community food web (b) illustrating ecological relations among creatures that are typical of a northern  Boreal  terrestrial ecosystem. The trophic pyramid roughly represents the biomass (usually measured as total dry-weight) at each level.Plants generally have the greatest biomass. Names of trophic categories are shown to the right of the pyramid. Some ecosystems, such as many wetlands, do not organize as a strict pyramid, because aquatic plants are not as productive as long-lived terrestrial plants such as trees. Ecological trophic pyramids are typically one of three kinds: 1) pyramid of numbers, 2) pyramid of biomass, or 3) pyramid of energy. [4] Food webs have trophic levels and positions. Basal species, such as plants, form the first level a nd are the resource limited species that feed on no other living creature in the web.Basal species can be autotrophs ordetritivores, including â€Å"decomposing organic material and its associated microorganisms which we defined as detritus, micro-inorganic material and associated microorganisms (MIP), and vascular plant material. â€Å"[11]:94  Most autotrophs capture the sun's energy in  chlorophyll, but some autotrophs (the  chemolithotrophs) obtain energy by the chemical oxidation of inorganic compounds and can grow in dark environments, such as the sulfur bacterium  Thiobacillus, which lives in hot  sulfur springs.The top level has top (or apex) predators which no other species kills directly for its food resource needs. The intermediate levels are filled with omnivores that feed on more than one trophic level and cause energy to flow through a number of food pathways starting from a basal species. [12] ——————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- In the simplest scheme, the first trophic level (level 1) is plants, then herbivores (level 2), and then carnivores (level 3). The trophic level is equal to one more than the chain length, which is the number of links connecting to the base.The base of the food chain (primary producers or  detritivores) is set at zero. [3][13]  Ecologists identify feeding relations and organize species into trophic species through extensive gut content analysis of different species. The technique has been improved through the use of stable isotopes to better trace energy flow through the web. [14]  It was once thought that omnivory was rare, but recent evidence suggests otherwise. This realization has made trophic classifications more complex. [15] Energy flow and biomass Main article:  Energy flow (ecology) See also:  Ecological efficiencyThe Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that ma ss is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction. [24]:11 Left:  Energy flow diagram of a frog. The frog represents a node in an extended food web. The energy ingested is utilized for metabolic processes and transformed into biomass. The energy flow continues on its path if the frog is ingested by predators, parasites, or as a decaying  carcass  in soil.This energy flow diagram illustrates how energy is lost as it fuels the metabolic process that transform the energy and nutrients into biomass. Right:  An expanded three link energy food chain (1. plants, 2. herbivores, 3. carnivores) illustrating the relationship between food flow diagrams and energy transformity. The transformity of energy becomes degraded, dispersed, and diminished from higher quality to lesser quantity as the energy within a food chain flows from one trophic s pecies into another. Abbreviations: I=input, A=assimilation, R=respiration, NU=not utilized, P=production, B=biomass. 25] Food webs depict energy flow via trophic linkages. Energy flow is directional, which contrasts against the cyclic flows of material through the food web systems. [26]  Energy flow â€Å"typically includes production, consumption, assimilation, non-assimilation losses (feces), and respiration (maintenance costs). â€Å"[5]:5  In a very general sense, energy flow (E) can be defined as the sum ofmetabolic  production (P) and respiration (R), such that E=P+R. The mass (or biomass) of something is equal to its energy content. Mass and energy are closely intertwined.However, concentration and quality of nutrients and energy is variable. Many plant fibers, for example, are indigestible to many herbivores leaving grazer community food webs more nutrient limited than detrital food webs where bacteria are able to access and release the nutrient and energy stores. [ 27][28]†Organisms usually extract energy in the form of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These polymers have a dual role as supplies of energy as well as building blocks; the part that functions as energy supply results in the production of nutrients (and carbon dioxide, water, and heat).Excretion of nutrients is, therefore, basic to metabolism. â€Å"[28]:1230-1231  The units in energy flow webs are typically a measure mass or energy per m2  per unit time. Different consumers are going to have different metabolic assimilation efficiencies in their diets. Each trophic level transforms energy into biomass. Energy flow diagrams illustrate the rates and efficiency of transfer from one trophic level into another and up through the hierarchy. [29][30] ————————————————-It is the case that the  biomass  of each  trophic level  decreases from the base of the chain to the top. This is because energy is lost to the environment with each transfer as  entropy  increases. About eighty to ninety percent of the energy is expended for the organism’s life processes or is lost as heat or waste. Only about ten to twenty percent of the organism’s energy is generally passed to the next organism. [31]  The amount can be less than one percent in animals consuming less digestible plants, and it can be as high as forty percent in  zooplankton  consuming  phytoplankton. 32]  Graphic representations of the biomass or productivity at each tropic level are called  ecological pyramids  or trophic pyramids. The transfer of energy from primary producers to top consumers can also be characterized by energy flow diagrams. [33] Food Web A  food web  is a graphical description of feeding relationships among species in an  ecological community, that is, of who eats whom (Fig. 1). It is also a means of showing how  energy   and materials (e. g. ,  carbon) flow through a community of  species  as a result of these feeding relationships.Typically, species are connected by lines or arrows called â€Å"links†, and the species are sometimes referred to as â€Å"nodes† in food web diagrams. Relationships between soil food web, plants, organic matter, and birds and mammals. â€Å"The  herbivores  are usually preyed upon by carnivores, which get the  energy  of the  sunlight  at third-hand, and these again may be preyed upon by other carnivores, and so on, until we reach an animal which has no enemies, and which forms, as it were, a terminus on this food cycle. There are, in fact, chains of animals linked together by food, and all dependent in the long run upon plants.We refer to these as ‘food-chains', and to all the food chains in a community as the ‘food-cycle. ‘† A food web differs from a food chain in that the latter shows only a portion of the food web involving a simple, linear series of species (e. g. ,  predator,  herbivore,  plant) connected by feeding links. A food web aims to depict a more complete picture of the feeding relationships, and can be considered a bundle of many interconnected food chains occurring within the community. All species occupying the same position within a food chain comprise a trophic level within the food web.For instance, all of the plants in the foodweb comprise the first or â€Å"primary producer† tropic level, all  herbivores  comprise the second or â€Å"primary consumer† trophic level, and carnivores that eat  herbivores  comprise the third or â€Å"secondary consumer† trophic level. Additional levels, in which carnivores eat other carnivores, comprise a tertiary trophic level. Elton emphasized early on that food chains tend to show characteristic patterns of increasing body size as one moves up the food chain, for example from  phytoplankton  to inv ertebrate grazers to fishes, or from insects to rodents to larger carnivores like foxes.Because individuals of small-bodied species require less  energy  and food than individuals of larger-bodied species, a given amount ofenergy  can support a greater number of individuals of the smaller-bodied species. Hence, ecological communities typically show what Elton called a pyramid of numbers (later dubbed the Eltonian pyramid), in which the species at lower trophic levels in the food web tend to be more numerous than those at higher trophic levels.A second reason for the pyramid of numbers is low ecological efficiency: some  energy  is lost at each transfer between consumer and prey, such that theenergy  that reaches top predators is a very small fraction of that available in the plants at the base of the food web. Although there is wide variation among types of  organisms  and types of  ecosystems, a general rule of thumb is that available  energydecreases by about a n order of magnitude at each step in the food chain.That is, only about 10% of theenergy  harvested by plants is consumed and converted into herbivore  biomass, only 10% of that makes it into  biomass  of primary carnivores, and so on. Thus, the structure of food webs is dictated in part by basic constraints set by  thermodynamics. The predictable dissipation of  energy  at each step in food chains is one of the factors thought to limit the length of most food chains to a maximum of four or five steps. Cohen et al. (2003) emphasized that the correlations mong body size, abundance, and trophic level produce a characteristic trivariate structure to (pelagic) food webs (Fig. 2). The pyramid of numbers is less obvious at the most basal levels in terrestrial communities based on trees, which are typically much larger than theherbivores  that feed on them. Pyramids of numbers or  biomass  may even be inverted in cases where the microscopic plants that support the web s how very rapid turnover, that is, where they grow and are eaten so rapidly that there is less plant  biomass  than herbivore  biomass  present at a given time. ————————————————-Decomposers are an assemblage of small  organisms, including invertebrates,  fungi, and  bacteria, that do not fit neatly into any trophic level because they consume dead  biomass  of organisms from all trophic levels. Decomposers are a critical component of the food web, however, because they recycle nutrients that otherwise would become sequestered in accumulating detritus. All food chains in a community constitute a food web. A  food web is simply the total set of feeding relationship amongst and between the species composing a biotic community. These relationships may achieve considerable complexity.With many food chains and cross connecting links, there is greater opportunit y for the prey and predator population in an ecosystem to adjust to the changes. ————————————————- The producer-consumer arrangement is one kind of structure known as trophic structure(trophic = food) and each food (nutritional) level in the food chain is called trophic level  or energy level. The first trophic level in an ecosystem is occupied by the plants-producers (green plant-primary producers), because they utilize solar energy which is transformed to chemical form during photosynthesis.The energy stored in food or green plants is consumed by the plant eaters (herbivores) which make the second trophic level. Herbivores are also called primaryconsumers. Primary consumers in turn are eaten by carnivores (also known as secondary consumers) which occupy third trophic level. Secondary consumers (Primary carnivores) may be eaten by other carnivores (secondary or top carn ivores) which are known as tertiary consumers and occupy fourth trophic level. Decomposer occupy fifth trophic level in an ecosystem.Food Web- In nature, food chain relationships are very complex. They never operate as isolated sequences, as one organism may form the food source of many organisms and so on. Thus, instead of a food chain, a number of food chains are interconnected with each other and form a web-like structure known as ‘food web'. For example, grass may be grazed by grasshoppers as well as cattle, rabbits and each of these may be eaten by different type of carnivores, such as birds, toads, snakes, foxes, depending on their food habit.Thus, a particular organism may not occupy the same tropic level in every food chain; it may simultaneously behave as secondary, tertiary or a top consumer. Organisms, whose food is obtained from plants by the same number of steps are said to belong to the same tropic level. Thus, green plants occupy the first tropic level or the pr oducer level. The plant grazers occupy the second tropic level or primary consumer or herbivore level (all plant-grazing insects, cattle, deer, rabbits, etc. ).Flesh-eaters, that eat herbivores, form the third tropic level or the secondary consumer or carnivore level-1 (frogs, small fish, etc. ). The third tropic level is the tertiary consumer or carnivore level-2, which eats the flesh of herbivores and secondary consumers. In a similar fashion, tropic levels can be expanded based on the food habits of organisms. Charles Elton, a British ecologist, however, concluded that the number of links in a food chain rarely exceeds five, because in the process of energy transfer there is always the loss of energy to the environment.It is the energy transfer mechanism which determines the number of links in a food chain. Man and many other animals who are omnivores occupy different tropic levels in food chains in relation to pure carnivores. The food web maintains the stability of the eco-syst em. For example, green land can be grazed by different organisms like insects, rabbits, rodents, etc. The insects then can be eaten by frogs which can be eaten by snakes. Snakes can either be eaten by hawks

Literary Analysis Of Shelleys Frankenstein - 1594 Words

Frankenstein is a novel incorporating ideas that will forever sustain relevance. These ideas presented by Shelley are simple, yet very powerful life lessons that show the consequences of mankind going too far. The details in the pages of this book make for an incredibly vivid experience that appeals to the reader’s senses and emotions, fully justifying its place as one of the hallmarks of classical literature. Shelley’s writing enables her to capture the reader with her lifelike descriptions and strategic literary style. She begins the story with a letter from Robert Walton. This lets the reader make an initial judgement of a new character without knowing who this man was, or what he had been through. In the end, these letters†¦show more content†¦It was a bold question †¦ if cowardice or carelessness did not restrain our inquiries.† (Page 46) This question rises as the Doctor begins to wonder about generating life, and is relevant to explaining why someone would want to create a monster in the first place. It shows the Doctor believes that science would be further if people weren’t scared to venture too far. He s not aware that not all science is worth the cost of humanity, and that he thinks that progress is only limited by fear and stupidity. He is completely unaware of the moral obligations that scientists are limited by, and this is explains why he went so far as to create a forbidden creature and upset the natural order. Another important scene in the book was when Victor was first confronted by his monster. The intense tone given by Shelley was easily interpreted when the monster said, â€Å"Remember, that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam; but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed.† (Page 107) The monster was informing Victor of how he was bothered by being abandoned. He called himself a fallen angel because unlike Adam, he was not crafted from a perfect being and he felt he would never fit in with mankind. This memorable part of the story shows how the monster didn’t have the mind of a monstrous being, but had the ability to reason like a human. This part is so crucialShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley and Flannery OConnor: Gothic Isolationists1724 Words   |  7 Pagesingenious phase. This paper will analyze the influence of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein on Flannery O’Connor’s work, specifically her novel Wise Blood. Flannery O’Connor emerged as a crucial and contemporary innovator of southern gothic literature. Southern gothic literature is defined as a subgenre of gothic fiction, which originated in the United States during the 20th century. The southern gothic genre employs similar literary elements, which its â€Å"parent† genre had established. These elementsRead MoreCritical Analysis of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein974 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay discussed in this document is Said I. Abdelwaheds The Gothic, Frankenstein and the Romanics, which was published in 1997 in An-Najaj N. J. Res. The author is the assistant professor of English literature at Gazas Al-Azhar University. These credentials are fairly impressive considering the international reputation of the university the author was working at during the time of publication. 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